
The
city of Coimbra served as the capital of Portugal from 1139 to
1385, and was the birthplace of six monarchs from the
portuguese 1st Dynasty. Noted for its cultural traditions and
artistic treasures, Coimbra was long the intellectual capital
of Portugal and remains one of its most picturesque cities.
With its suburb of Santa Clara, the city spreads out along the
two sides of the Mondego River. The older part of the city,
with its narrow, crooked streets, is on a hill. Below it on
all sides are the newer, more regularly patterned city
districts.
The life of the city depends primarily on the University of
Coimbra. As in medieval universities, the students wear long
black capes and ribbons of varying colour to distinguish the
various faculties. The institution was founded in 1290 and it
is one of the oldest universities in Europe. Like an
acropolis, the white buildings of the University now dominate
the hilltop overlooking the north bank of the river.
Coimbra has museums of natural history and archaeology and a
botanical garden. The first cathedral, Sé Velha, in the
middle of the old city, is one of the best examples of
Romanesque churches in Portugal. The new Cathedral, Sé Nova,
begun by the Jesuits in the late 16th century and consecrated
a cathedral in 1772, has a single nave in the Roman style.
Santa Cruz, a church dated mostly from the Renaissance, is
famed for its cloisters and for the tombs of Afonso Henriques
and his son Sancho I, the first two kings of Portugal. In the
convent of Santa Clara, built on the height overlooking the
south bank of the Mondego, are the remains of the sainted
Queen Elisabeth, patroness of the city and of the University.
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